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Bone Marrow Transplant (Leukemia/Acute Leukemia)

A bone marrow transplant is a procedure to replace damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells. Bone marrow is the soft, fatty tissue inside your bones. Stem cells are immature cells in the bone marrow that give rise to all of your blood cells. Each of these cells carries a life-maintaining function. The bone marrow is a vital part of the human body.

There are three type/categories of bone marrow transplant:

Autologous: an individual donates to themself.
Syngeneic: a transplant taken from identical twin.
Allogeneic: a transplant from an HLA-matched sibling or an unrelated HLA-matching donor (HLA = Human Leucocyte Antigen).

The three main types of blood cells produced in the bone marrow include:

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) - Carry oxygen to the tissues in the body.
White blood cells (leukocytes) - Help fight infections and to aid in the immune system.
Platelets - Help with blood clotting

Why bone marrow transplantation required?
Bone marrow transplants are used to treat people whose stem cells have been damaged by disease or the treatment of a disease, or as a way to have the donor's immune system fight a blood disorder such as leukemia. Bone marrow transplants can benefit people with a variety of both cancerous (malignant) and noncancerous (nonmalignant) diseases.

A bone marrow transplant may help treat blood disorders by:

Killing cancer cells. In a bone marrow transplant procedure, you'll first be given powerful drugs (chemotherapy) with or without radiation therapy to kill the cancer cells. Doctors then infuse into your body healthy stem cells that previously have been collected from you or a donor. The new stem cells migrate to your bone marrow and, over time, produce healthy new cells. In addition, the donor cells also have the ability to kill some types of cancer cells.
Helping you recover faster from high doses of chemotherapy and radiation. The healthy cells infused in a bone marrow transplant also may allow you to recover faster from chemotherapy and radiation, as these cells haven't been exposed to chemotherapy and radiation.

Why Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) in INDIA?
There are several reasons for the patients to select India for their surgery. The most important reason is the cost and highly experienced and expert doctors. The cost of surgery is much less in India than other countries, such as United States and Western Europe. The estimated cost of the surgery in India is one-tenth of the other countries. India even maintains international standards under this cost, which makes a patient extremely comfortable.